Input / Output & Peripherals

Input · Conversion · Output

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How computers talk to the physical world through input and output devices, device controllers, and analog-to-digital conversion.

By the end, you can

Explain the difference between input and output and classify any peripheral accordingly.
Describe how a keyboard, mouse, and microphone each convert a physical action into binary.
Trace the three-step ADC pipeline (sample, quantize, encode) and calculate how many bits are needed for a given number of quantization levels.
Explain what a device controller does and why it is necessary.
Name the inverse of ADC and explain where it is used.
Classify devices as input only, output only, both, or storage, and justify each classification.
Distinguish internal from external device connections and explain why internal devices are typically faster.

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