Static vs Dynamic Memory

By the end, you can

• Explain the difference between static and dynamic memory allocation and when each applies.
• Label the segments of a process memory map in address order (low to high).
• Distinguish the stack (automatic, per-call-frame) from static/global memory (Data/BSS, whole-program lifetime).
• Explain why stack and static allocation are faster than heap allocation.
• Identify memory leaks, dangling pointers, double-frees, and stack overflow from a description.
• Apply the known-size/unknown-size rule to decide whether a given data structure should use static or dynamic allocation.