Real-World Stack Examples

By the end, you can

• Explain why LIFO is the right property for undo, browser navigation, and function calls.
• Trace an undo stack through a sequence of actions and pops.
• Describe how the Command pattern's `execute()` and `undo()` methods enable clean undo of complex operations.
• Explain the two-stack undo/redo model and state the rule about when the redo stack is cleared.
• Trace the browser Back/Forward two-stack model through a sequence of visits and navigations.
• Trace the function call stack through a sequence of calls and returns, identifying which frame is on top at any moment.
• Explain what a stack overflow is, why it happens, and at least two ways to prevent it.