Lesson 130
Backend & Web Frameworks
Request lifecycle · Frameworks · ORMs · Scale
1:00How a web request travels through the server-side pipeline — router, middleware, controller, service, ORM — and how frameworks, stateless design, queues, and caches keep backend systems correct and fast.
By the end, you can
- Trace a request through every layer of the backend pipeline and state what each layer is responsible for.
- Explain why the controller should be thin and where business logic belongs.
- Describe what a web framework provides and distinguish batteries-included from minimal frameworks.
- Identify an N+1 query situation and explain how eager-loading solves it.
- Explain why stateless servers scale horizontally and why sticky sessions are a liability.
- Describe the cache-aside pattern and the role of TTL in keeping cached data fresh.
- Decide when to push work onto a background queue rather than processing it in the HTTP request.
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